据美国商务部工业与安全局宣布将27个实体和个人列入“军事最终用户”（MEU）清单，包括四个亚洲国家的实体和个人被列入：日本和新加坡各1；中国12；巴基斯坦13。

　　据安防知识网整理，12个中国企业分别是嘉兆科技（深圳）、杭州中科微电子、合肥微尺度物质科学国家实验室、国科微、新华三半导体技术、peaktek company、保利亚太公司、国盾量子、陕西智恩机电、上海国盾量子、西安航天华讯、苏州云芯微电子。

　　美国商务部宣称，这些实体和个人被列入的原因包括支持中国军事量子计算应用，支持巴基斯坦核与导弹的扩散，以及支持俄罗斯军方。归根结底，美国商务部认定这些实力和个人的行为有可能危害美国的安全利益。

       以下为原文报道：

　　Commerce Lists Entities Involved in the Support of PRC Military Quantum Computing Applications, Pakistani Nuclear and Missile Proliferation, and Russia’s Military

　　The Commerce Department’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) has issued a final rule adding twenty-seven foreign entities and individuals to the Entity List for engaging in activities that are contrary to the national security or foreign policy interests of the United States. The twenty-seven entities and individuals are located in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), Japan, Pakistan and Singapore. One entity based in Russia was added to the Military End-User (MEU) list.

　　U.S. Secretary of Commerce Gina M. Raimondo released the following statement: “Global trade and commerce should support peace, prosperity, and good-paying jobs, not national security risks. Today’s actions will help prevent the diversion of U.S. technologies to the PRC’s and Russia’s military advancement and activities of non-proliferation concern like Pakistan’s unsafeguarded nuclear activities or ballistic missile program.  The Department of Commerce is committed to effectively using export controls to protect our national security.”

　　Eight technology entities based in the PRC are being added to the list as part of the Department of Commerce’s efforts to prevent U.S. emerging technologies from being used for the PRC’s quantum computing efforts that support military applications, such as counter-stealth and counter-submarine applications, and the ability to break encryption or develop unbreakable encryption. These PRC-based technology entities support the military modernization of the People’s Liberation Army and/or acquire and attempt to acquire U.S. origin-items in support of military applications. Today’s action will also restrict exports to PRC producers of electronics that the support the People’s Liberation Army’s military modernization efforts.

　　Sixteen entities and individuals operating in PRC and Pakistan were added to the Entity List based on their contributions to Pakistan’s unsafeguarded nuclear activities or ballistic missile program.

　　Three affiliates of Corad Technology Limited, a Chinese entity added to the Entity List in 2019, have been added due to their involvement in sales of technology from the United States and other Western nations to Iran’s military and space programs, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) front companies, and PRC government and defense industry subordinate entities.

　　BIS has also added the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology to the MEU List on the basis of its production of military products for a military end-user.

　　These actions were taken under the authority of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 and its implementing regulations, the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).

　　The Entity List is a tool utilized by BIS to restrict the export, reexport, and in-country transfer of items subject to the EAR to persons (individuals, organizations, companies) reasonably believed to be involved, have been involved, or pose a significant risk of being or becoming involved, in activities contrary to the national efforts or foreign policy interests of the United States. For the entities added to the Entity List in this final rule, BIS imposes a license requirement that applies to all items subject to the EAR.  In addition, no license exceptions are available for exports, reexports, or in-country transfers to the entities being added to the Entity List in this rule.  BIS imposes a license review policy of a presumption of denial for these entities.

　　The MEU List serves to inform the public of certain parties in China, Russia, Venezuela and Burma that the U.S. government has determined to be military end users. Exports, reexports, and in-country transfers of items identified in Supplement No. 2 of Part 744 of the EAR to parties listed on the MEU List require a license.